Countries and Nationalities in English
Just here for the exercises? Click here.Countries in English
We’ve put together a list of countries and their respective demonyms (inhabitant) and adjectives, so that you can look them up quickly and easily.
Don’t forget that country adjectives are always written with capital letters in English.
| Country | Demonym | Adjective |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | an Afghan | Afghan |
| Albania | an Albanian | Albanian |
| Algeria | an Algerian | Algerian |
| Andorra | an Andorran | Andorran |
| Angola | an Angolan | Angolan |
| Antigua and Barbuda | an Antiguan, a barbudan | Antiguan, Barbudan |
| Argentina | an Argentinian, an Argentine | Argentinian, Argentine |
| Armenia | an Armenian | Armenian |
| Australia | an Australian, an Aussie (colloquial) | Australian |
| Austria | an Austrian | Austrian |
| Azerbaijan | an Azerbaijani, an Azeri* | Azerbaijani |
| The Bahamas | a Bahamian | Bahamian |
| Bahrain | a Bahraini | Bahraini |
| Bangladesh | a Bangladeshi | Bangladeshi |
| Barbados | a Barbadian, a Bajan | Barbadian, Bajan |
| Belgium | a Belgian | Belgian |
| Belize | a Belizean | Belizean |
| Benin | a Beninese** person | Beninese |
| Bhutan | a Bhutanese** person | Bhutanese |
| Belarus | a Belarussian | Belarussian |
| Burma/Myanmar | of Burma/Myanmar | of Burma/Myanmar |
| Bolivia | a Bolivian | Bolivian |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | a Bosnian, a Herzegovinian | Bosnian, Herzegovinian |
| Botswana | a Botswanan | Botswanan |
| Brazil | a Brazilian | Brazilian |
| Brunei | a Bruneian | Bruneian |
| Bulgaria | a Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
| Burkina Faso | a Burkinabe, a Burkinan | Burkinabe, Burkinan |
| Burundi | a Burundian | Burundian |
| Cambodia | a Cambodian | Cambodian |
| Cameroon | a Cameroonian | Cameroonian |
| Canada | a Canadian | Canadian |
| Cabo Verde | a Cabo Verdean | Cabo Verdean |
| Chile | a Chilean | Chilean |
| China | a Chinese** person | Chinese |
| Germany | a German | German |
| Cyprus | a Cypriot | Cypriot |
| Colombia | a Columbian | Columbian |
| Comoros | a Comorian | Comorian |
| Congo | a Congolese** person | Congolese |
| North Korea | a North Korean | North Korean |
| South Korea | a South Korean | South Korean |
| Costa Rica | a Costa Rican | Costa Rican |
| Côte d’Ivoire | an Ivorian | Ivorian |
| Croatia | a Croatian | Croatian |
| Cuba | a Cuban | Cuban |
| Denmark | a Dane, a Danish person | Danish |
| Djibouti | a Djiboutian | Djiboutian |
| Dominica | a Dominican | Dominican |
| Egypt | an Egyptian | Egyptian |
| The United Arab Emirates (UAE) | an Emirati | Emirati |
| Ecuador | an Ecuadorian | Ecuadorian |
| Eritrea | an Etritrean | Etritrean |
| Spain | a Spaniard, a Spanish** person | Spanish |
| Estonia | an Estonian | Estonian |
| The Unites States of America (USA) | an American | American |
| Ethiopia | an Ethiopian | Ethiopian |
| Fiji | a Fijian | Fijian |
| Finland | a Finn, a Finnish** person | Finnish |
| France | a French** person | French |
| Gabon | a Gabonese** person | Gabonese |
| The Gambia | a Gambian | Gambian |
| Georgia | a Georgian | Georgian |
| Ghana | a Ghanaian | Ghanaian |
| Greece | a Greek | Greek |
| Grenada | a Grenadian | Grenadian |
| Greenland | a Greenlander | Greenlandic |
| Guatemala | a Guatemalan | Guatemalan |
| Guinea | a Guinean | Guinean |
| Equatorial Guinea | an Equatorial Guinean | Equatorial Guinean |
| Guinea-Bissau | a Bissau-Guinean | Bissau-Guinean |
| Guyana | a Guyanese** person | Guyanese |
| Haiti | a Haitian | Haitian |
| Honduras | a Honduran | Honduran |
| Hong Kong | a Hong Kongese** person | Hong Kongese |
| Hungary | a Hungarian | Hungarian |
| The Faroe Islands | a Faroese** person | Faroese |
| The Marshall Islands | a Marshallese** person | Marshallese |
| Mauritius | a Mauritian | Mauritian |
| India | an Indian | Indian |
| Indonesia | an Indonesian | Indonesian |
| Iraq | an Iraqi | Iraqi |
| Iran | an Iranian | Iranian |
| Ireland | an Irish** person | Irish |
| Iceland | an Icelander | Icelandic |
| Israel | an Israeli | Israeli |
| Italy | an Italian | Italian |
| Jamaica | a Jamaican | Jamaican |
| Japan | a Japanese** person | Japanese |
| Jordan | a Jordanian | Jordanian |
| Kazakhstan | a Kazakhstani | Kazakhstani |
| Kenya | a Kenyan | Kenyan |
| Kyrgyzstan | a Kyrgyz* | Kyrgyz |
| Kiribati | a Kiribatian person | Kiribatian |
| Kosovo | a Kosovan | Kosovan |
| Kuwait | a Kuwaiti | Kuwaiti |
| Laos | a Lao* | Laotian, Lao |
| Lesotho | a Mosotho, Basotho (plural) | Basotho |
| Latvia | a Latvian | Latvian |
| Lebanon | a Lebanese** person | Lebanese |
| Liberia | a Liberian | Liberian |
| Libya | a Libyan | Libyan |
| Liechtenstein | a Liechtensteiner | of Liechtenstein |
| Lithuania | a Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
| Luxembourg | a Luxembourger | Luxembourg |
| Macao | a Macanese** person | Macanese |
| North Macedonia (Republic of) | a Macedonian | Macedonian |
| Madagascar | a Madagascan | Madagascan |
| Malaysia | a Malaysian | Malaysian |
| Malawi | a Malawian | Malawian |
| The Maldives | a Maldivian | Maldivian |
| Mali | a Malian | Malian |
| Malta | a Maltese** person | Maltese |
| Morocco | a Moroccan | Moroccan |
| Mauritania | a Mauritanian | Mauritanian |
| Mexico | a Mexican | Mexican |
| Micronesia | a Micronesian | Mikronesian |
| Moldova | a Moldovan | Moldovan |
| Monaco | a Monacan, a Monégasque | Monégasque |
| Mongolia | a Mongolian, a Mongol | Mongolian, Mongol |
| Montenegro | a Montenegrin | Montenegrin |
| Mozambique | a Mozambican | Mozambican |
| Namibia | a Namibian | Namibian |
| Nauru | a Nauruan | Nauruan |
| Nepal | a Nepalese** person | Nepalese |
| Nicaragua | a Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan |
| Niger | a Nigerien | Nigerien |
| Nigeria | a Nigerian | Nigerian |
| Norway | a Norwegian | Norwegian |
| New Zealand | a New Zealander, a Kiwi (colloquial) | New Zealand |
| Oman | an Omani | Omani |
| Uganda | an Ugandan | Ugandan |
| Uzbekistan | an Uzbek | Uzbek |
| Pakistan | a Pakistani | Pakistani |
| Palau | a Palauan | Palauan |
| Palestine | a Palestinian | Palestinian |
| Panama | a Panamanian | Panamanian |
| Papua New Guinea | a Papua New Guinean | Papua New Guinean |
| Paraguay | a Paraguayan | Paraguayan |
| The Netherlands, Holland | a Dutch* person | Dutch |
| Peru | a Peruvian | Peruvian |
| The Philippines | a Filipino | Filipino |
| Poland | a Pole, a Polish** person | Polish |
| Puerto Rico | a Puerto Rican | Puerto Rican |
| Portugal | a Portuguese** person | Portuguese |
| Qatar | a Qatari | Qatari |
| The Central African Republic | a Central African | Central African |
| The Democratic Republic of Congo | a Congolese | Congolese |
| The Dominican Republic | a Dominican | Dominican |
| Czechia (formerly Czech Republic) | a Czech | Czech |
| Romania | a Romanian | Romanian |
| United Kingdom (UK) | a Brit, a Briton, a British** person | British |
| Russia | a Russian | Russian |
| Rwanda | a Rwandan, a Rwandese** person | Rwandan, Rwandese |
| St Lucia | a St Lucian | St Lucian |
| St Kitts and Nevis | a Kittian, a Nevisian | Kittian, Nevisian |
| San Marino | a Sanmarinese** person | Sanmarinese |
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | a Vincentian | Vincentian |
| The Solomon Islands | a Solomon Isalnder | Solomon |
| El Salvador | a Salvadorean | Salvadorean |
| Samoa | a Samoan | Samoan |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | a São Toméan | São Toméan |
| Saudi Arabia | a Saudi Arabian, a Saudi | Saudi Arabian, Saudi |
| Senegal | a Senegalese** person | Senegalese |
| Serbia | a Serbian, a Serb | Serbian, Serb |
| The Seychelles | a Seychellois | Seychellois |
| Sierra Leone | a Sierra Leonean | Sierra Leonean |
| Singapore | a Singaporean | Singaporean |
| Slovakia | a Slovakian | Slovakian |
| Slovenia | a Slovenian | Slovenian |
| Somalia | a Somalian | Somalian |
| Sri Lanka | a Sri Lankan | Sri Lankan |
| Sweden | a Swede, a Swedish** person | Swedish |
| Switzerland | a Swiss** person | Swiss |
| South Sudan | a South Sudanese** person | South Sudanese |
| Sudan | a Sudanese** person | Sudanese |
| Suriname | a Surniamese** person | Surinamese |
| South Africa | a South African | South African |
| Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) | a Swazi | Swazi |
| Syria | a Syrian | Syrian |
| Tajikistan | a Tajik | Tajik |
| Taiwan | a Taiwanese** person | Taiwanese |
| Tanzania | a Tanzanian | Tanzanian |
| Chad | a Chadian | Chadian |
| Thailand | a Thai | Thai |
| Tibet | a Tibetan | Tibetan |
| Timor-Leste | an East Timorese** person | East Timorese |
| Togo | a Togolese** person | Togolese |
| Tonga | a Tongan | Tongan |
| Trinidad and Tobago | a Trinidadian, a Tobagonian | Trinidadian, Tobagonian |
| Tunisia | a Tunisian | Tunisian |
| Turkmenistan | a Turkmen | Turkmen |
| Türkiye (formerly written as Turkey) | a Turk | Turkish |
| Tuvalu | a Tuvaluan | Tuvaluan |
| Ukraine | a Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
| Uruguay | a Uruguayan | Uruguayan |
| Vanuatu | a Vanuatuan | Vanuatuan |
| Vatican City | a citizen of the Vatican City | Vatican |
| Venezuela | a Venezuelan | Venezuelan |
| Vietnam | a Vietnamese** person | Vietnamese |
| Yemen | a Yemeni | Yemeni |
| Zambia | a Zambian | Zambian |
| Zimbabwe | a Zimbabwean | Zimbabwean |
| Scotland | a Scot, a Scottish** person | Scottish |
| England | an English** person | English |
| Wales | a Welsh** person | Welsh |
| Northern Ireland | Northern Irish** person | Northern Irish |
Note:
* These terms indicate the indigenous/ethnic people of the country.
** We can’t use adjectives with the ending -ese/-sh/-ch/-ss as nouns in singular. Instead, we must say adjective + person/man/woman.
- Example:
- There is a Vietnamese woman in my English class.
However, we can use these adjectives as plural/collective nouns with the definite article to talk about the inhabitants of a country in general.
- Example:
- Food and family are very important to the Vietnamese.
Source
List of countries taken from EU Interinstitutional Style Guide Annex A5.
